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Parainfluenza type 3 plus#
With the use of the Winthrop-University Hospital's Infectious Disease Division diagnostic H1N1 triad, patients with H1N1 had the above plus 3 of the following 4 laboratory abnormalities: relative lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, elevated serum transaminases, or elevated creatine phosphokinase. Unlike admitted adults hospitalized with ILIs, clinical H1N1 pneumonia patients with negative RIDT results but had dry cough, myalgias, temperatures greater than 102 ☏, and a negative chest x-ray without focal segmental/lobar infiltrates. There have been patients who died of H1N1 pneumonia with negative RIDT and RT-PCR H1N1 but had postmortem lung specimens positive for H1N1 by RT-PCR.ĭuring the flu pandemic, the main diagnostic and infection control problems were to differentiate ILIs from H1N1. It also became clear that some patients with negative RIDT and RT-PCR H1N1 clearly had H1N1 pneumonia on a clinical basis. Because of difficulties making a laboratory diagnosis of H1N1, Winthrop-University Hospital's Infectious Disease Division developed clinical criteria to diagnose H1N1 when rapid influenza diagnostic test (RIDT) results were negative. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), the definitive test for H1N1, was restricted or unavailable, or results were reported after they were clinically relevant. The rapid influenza (QuickVue A/B ) test frequently showed false-negative results. However, the laboratory diagnosis of H1N1 was problematic.
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Many hospitalized adults had H1N1 pneumonia diagnosed by laboratory or clinical criteria. During the H1N1 pandemic, many patients were admitted to the Winthrop-University Hospital with influenza-like illnesses (ILIs). The swine influenza (H1N1) pandemic began in Mexico in 2009 and quickly spread worldwide.